Water management Essays. 2 essay samples found. Water Conservation Techniques of FIU. Florida International University has a strong commitment to being “Worlds ahead.” In regards to this, the university has adopted different techniques and mechanisms to be as sustainable and green as possible. It’s implemented these methods indoors A major problem for human populations in semi-arid environments is the lack of water for domestic consumption. On average a person needs liters of water (Heller and Padua, ) per day to meet their basic needs (food and drink). This volume of water per person is very difficult to be obtained Essay On Water Quality Management The obstacle of water quality management is large scale and plenty of factors, including population growth and density, land use in each pattern and practice of urbanization, agriculture, aquaculture and industry comprehensive all activity in water supply system (UNICEF WHO, )
Essay on the Importance of Sustainable Water Management
Future wars are likely to stem from a desire to control sufficient water resources. The concept of trinity essay on water management around water resources, water management and utilization. Water management remains pivotal to this all important source of national survival and development.
Pakistan has recently embarked upon a road of economic prosperity. The need for energy in next decade will increase manifold. Similarly, essay on water management, the agricultural output will have to keep pace with the population explosion. Keeping in view the emerging challenges, present Government has initiated the feasibility study of three to four water reservoirs. However, inter-province rivalries, personal political agendas, lack of understanding of rising needs and loss of faith in the central government are some of the impediments in the construction of these water reservoirs.
PREFACE Water forms basis of human existence. In the past we have been overlooking this precious gift of nature but since quite some time world has recognized it as very important natural resource.
The overall depleting water resources and escalating population have forced the comity of nations to formulate water management techniques for its optimal utilization. Hence water management has become the leading topic of research and development today. Pakistan being an agrarian country relies more on this resource as agriculture is the back bone of our economy. Moreover hydel energy being the cheapest source of energy our abundant river water sources provide us with the opportunity to meet our energy requirements through this natural source, only if we could harness them optimally.
Mutual mistrust among our provinces has been the biggest hurdle in the construction of new dams. Consequently huge quantity of water flows into the Sea, while we face the threat of water scarcity. This paper covers the issue of water management in its entirety. All aspects related to the requirement of water for our energy as well as agriculture needs have been covered in detail.
The very important issue related to the construction of new water reservoirs and its political implications has also been covered in fair detail. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Number and alignment of our rivers is the most obvious manifestation of this endowment. Rivers run along the length of the country thus making irrigation of the land very convenient.
Himalayas are mainly responsible for feeding our river system. Despite loss of three Southern rivers under the arrangements of Indus Basin Treaty, concluded between India and Pakistan inour three northern rivers up till now have proven potent enough to fulfill the requirements of million people. However, for some years now the water deficit is being felt, especially in agriculture sector. This has necessitated the serious thinking for taking effective measures for water management.
Pakistan is unfortunate not to have built sufficient number of dams to regulate the flow of its rivers. However these two mega dams were only the first step in a long range water management policy.
Kalabagh was the site chosen for the next Dam. Unfortunately neither the Kalabagh nor any other big dam has been built yet. The issue of Kalabagh Essay on water management got politicized and became so controversial that despite the essay on water management of successive governments it could not be built.
Being unable to manage our water resources efficiently we have not been able to optimally harness our hydel energy potential and today are struggling to meet our energy requirements. Also by failing to institute modern irrigation and farming practices we have been responsible for wasting water, the most precious gift of the nature.
It is important to study the issue in detail and suggest suitable measures for the better management of our water resources. Aim To carry out an in depth analysis of existing water distribution system and future water requirements for energy and agriculture in order to recommend suitable measures for efficient water management.
Part — I water resources of pakistan River Water Resources Indus River System. The average annual flow of the Indus river system is million acre feet[1] MAF. However there are huge variations in the flow at different times of the year. The ever expanding water needs for a growing economy and the population for meeting its food and fiber requirements and the interchanging phenomenon of floods and droughts adds complexity to the water management issue.
Current Utilization of the River Water. Of MAF MAF is diverted for irrigation purposes while rest flows into the sea. Indus Basin System houses 3 super dams besides 68 large dams, 19 barrages, 12 canal commands and km of drainage network[2]. Development Potential. Out of MAF of total river flow 38 MAF escapes below Kotri annually, essay on water management. Thus the development potential of Indus river water system can be worked out as under[3] Total escape below Kotri Barrage 38 MAF Max escape required according to water accord 10 MAF Likely usages by Essay on water management 5 MAF Water Available for development 23 MAF.
Rainfall Harvesting 8. Monsoon and westerly disturbances are two main weather systems that contribute to the rainfall in Pakistan. The average annual rainfall is mm Nearly two-third is received in the Kharif summerwhile the rest in the Rabi winter, essay on water management.
During the three Monsoon months July-September almost half of the rainfall is received. While a substantial portion of the rainfall occurring in the cultivated areas of the Indus Plain is consumed by crops as a consumptive use, in the foothill areas of Pakistan rainfall gives rise to flashy hill torrents, and a major portion of the flow goes waste, in the form of evaporation. Thus, gross balance development potential is about 12MAF for which 1, sites have been identified in 13 major hill torrent areas, with financial requirements of about Rs essay on water management billion.
Glaciers and Snow. Glacial area of the Upper Indus is around 22,sq km, where on an average three to four meters of snowfall occurs every year, essay on water management. The Upper Indus catchments contain some of the largest glaciers in the world outside the Polar Regions.
Glacier area of the Kabul River is located near Unai Pass of the Southern Hindukush, while glacial and snow melt area of Chenab and Jhelum rivers are located in the Occupied Jammu and Kashmir, essay on water management. The right bank tributaries of Jhelum River i. Glaciers and snowmelt contribution is 85 per cent in the case of Indus, 80 per cent for Kabul, 75 per cent for Chenab and slightly over 50 per cent for Jhelum River.
It is estimated that the total volume of water stored in the glacial area of Indus River is about MAF, while the volume of water stored in glacial area of Kabul, Chenab and Jhelum Rivers is MAF. Ground Water. From the point of view of availability of groundwater, the country can be divided into two major areas, the predominantly canal irrigated Indus Plain primarily essay on water management in Punjab and Sindh, and the areas of the NWFP and Balochistan with a limited groundwater development potential in a few localized areas.
During the last 30 years or so, spectacular increase in the number of private tube wells has changed the underground paradigm entirely. In several groundwater areas, there has been a complete Volta face. Where some years ago high groundwater was a major threat, water levels have now declined due to private tube wells development.
However, the pace at which the groundwater exploitation has unfolded has added complexity of its management. The number of users is over 2. In many regions, the impact on the groundwater resources is alarming; levels are declining rapidly to infeasible pumping depths, and there is intrusion of saline water in the fresh groundwater areas through lateral or upward movement. Existing number of private tube wells in Pakistan is overand annual groundwater extraction through private tube wells under the normal hydro-climatic conditions is of the order of 42 MAF[4], essay on water management.
The province-wise sustainable development potential is:- MAF. Energy Needs of Pakistan by The real GDP increased from 5. The projected growth rate for the next five years is estimated to be per cent.
With expansion in economy the demand in energy will also increase. Essay on water management, both the demand and supply of energy has been increasing for the last decade and a half, essay on water management, the per capita consumption of energy in Pakistan remains low.
As compared to their counterparts in Malaysia and China where per capita consumption of energy stands at 92 MBTU and 34MBTU, respectively, essay on water management. The per capita consumption in Pakistan is 14 MBTU. Figures 1 and 2 shows an upward trend in the supply and per capita availability of energy in tones equivalent of energy TOE in Pakistan since Figure 1:Energy supply million TOE Source Economic Server [pic] Figure 2 : Per Capita Availability in TOE.
Energy Consumption. According to the latest economic essay on water management, in the past 14 years from to the consumption of petroleum products, natural gas, electricity and coal increased by an annual average rate of 2. However, one major change in consumption pattern has been registered in the consumption of oil.
The use of oil has reduced sinceessay on water management, particularly in the cement industry and power generation, because the cement industry has shifted to natural gas and the power generation sector is increasingly using gas. Similarly, the consumption of various petroleum products in household and agriculture registered marked decline of This is primarily because of the availability of cheaper fuels like LPG and natural gas, essay on water management.
However, the consumption of petroleum products has increased in transportation, industrial essay on water management other government sectors, essay on water management. In the last 14 years, the transport sector saw the largest use of petroleum products with a share of The consumption of natural gas in the cement sector in the first nine months of fiscal year registered a per cent increase.
Similarly, for the same time period the consumption for industrial, power, commercial and household sectors jumped up by In electricity consumption, the household sector has always been the largest consumer with a share of The share for industrial, agricultural, other government sectors and commercial consumers for the same time period has been Sector Wise Natural Gas Consumption From to Sector Natural Gas Consumption Power sector Future Energy Forecasts.
According to Economic Survey of Pakistan, the double digit growth in the large scale manufacturing sector has resulted in an increase in demand of electric power in some industrial sectors. The survey also projects that demand in electricity will grow at an average yearly rate of 7. The table below summarizes the sector wise power demand till the year Before that the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PRSP outlined similar measures.
It envisages a hydel-thermal ratio of from an existing ratio of around
Integrated Water Management as a Pathway to Climate Resilience
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importance of water management has never been so great. In recent years, the participation of the private sector in water management has come into play, mainly driven by the long overdue capital improvements needed, a worldwide shrinking in public revenue, and a growing notion that private operators are more efficient than public Apr 11, · Essay, Pages 35 ( words) Views. Future wars are likely to stem from a desire to control sufficient water resources. The concept of trinity revolves around water resources, water management and utilization. Water management remains pivotal to this all important source of national survival and blogger.comted Reading Time: 10 mins Apr 22, · Water management: It is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. Water management is to compete demands for water and seeks to allocate water on an equitable basis to satisfy all uses and demands. Resources of Water: On Earth only three per cent of water is not salty and two-thirds of the
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